AbleStick

Royal Courts Of Justice

2005-03-19T21:38:00.000-08:00

Within its confines are held sessions of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice, and the Crown Court. Prior to the opening of the complex in 1882, civil cases were decided

Selkirk, Alexander

2005-03-17T07:41:00.000-08:00

The son of a shoemaker, Selkirk ran away to sea in 1695; he joined a band of buccaneers in the Pacific and by 1703 was sailing master of a galley on a privateering expedition. In September 1704, after a quarrel with his captain, he was put ashore at his own request

Slave Dynasty

2005-03-15T02:18:00.000-08:00

The Slave dynasty was founded by Qutb-ud-Din Aybak, a favourite slave of the Muslim general and later sultan Muhammad of Ghur. Qutb-ud-Din had been among Muhammad's most trusted Turkish officers and had overseen his master's Indian conquests. When Muhammad was assassinated in 1206, Qutb took power

Grumbach, Wilhelm Von

2005-03-13T21:48:00.000-08:00

About 1540 Grumbach allied

Mosconi, Willie

2005-03-10T23:03:00.000-08:00

The son of a billiards parlour owner, Mosconi showed a precocious talent for the game. When his father forbade him to play, hoping that

Swedish Academy

2005-03-07T07:38:00.000-08:00

The academy was founded by King Gustav III on April 5, 1786, in Stockholm. The goal of the organization was defined as working for the “purity, vigour and majesty” of the Swedish language.

Children's Literature, Prehistory (1646?1865)

2005-03-04T11:10:00.000-08:00

The prehistoric annals are short and simple. Dominated by England, native creativity—to refer only to books with even the thinnest claim to literary quality—amounted to little. The Puritan view of the unredeemable child obtained almost into the era of Andrew Jackson. Jonathan Edwards put it neatly: unrepentant children were “young vipers and infinitely more hateful

Awan

2005-03-03T18:48:00.000-08:00

Ancient city and region of the land of Elam, prominent throughout early Mesopotamian history and especially in the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. Although it was probably situated near Susa, in southwestern Iran, Awan's exact location is unknown. A coalition of four rulers of southwestern Persia, led by the king of Awan, provided vigorous resistance to the eastern

Beira

2005-03-01T23:54:00.000-08:00

Port city, central Mozambique. Beira is situated on the Mozambique Channel (Indian Ocean) at the mouths of the Púngoè and Búzi rivers. It was founded in 1891 as the headquarters of the Companhia de Moçambique (“Mozambique Company”) on the site of an old Muslim settlement. The city's administration passed from the trading company to the Portuguese government in 1942 and then to independent

Kirk Range

2005-02-26T05:19:00.000-08:00

Plateau in southwestern Malawi, extending in a north-south direction and skirting the southwestern shore of Lake Nyasa and the western border of the Shire River valley. The northern scarp overlooks the Central Region Plateau, while the southern limits merge into the lower Shire Highlands. The plateau's height decreases in a southerly direction, from 5,500 feet (1,676 m) at Dedza

Probation

2005-02-24T06:22:00.000-08:00

The probation

Probation

2005-02-22T07:54:00.000-08:00

Formerly General and Municipal Workers' Union (GMWU) third largest trade union in Great Britain and one of the two giant general unions (the other being the Transport and General Workers' Union). The General and Municipal Workers' Union was formed in 1924 by the merger of the National Union of Gas and General Workers, the National Amalgamated Union of Labour, and the Municipal Employees' Association. From the start the union's

Wagon Train

2005-02-21T02:17:00.000-08:00

Caravan of wagons organized by settlers in the United States for emigration to the West during the late 18th and most of the 19th centuries. Composed of up to 100 Conestoga wagons (q.v.; sometimes called prairie schooners), wagon trains soon became the prevailing mode of long-distance overland transportation for both people and goods. Wagon-train transportation moved westward

Pacific Ocean, Exploration in the 20th century

2005-02-18T20:20:00.000-08:00

Among the most important 20th-century expeditions to the Pacific were those of the American ship Carnegie (1928–29), the Danish vessel Dana II (1928–1930), the Swedish ship Albatross (1947–48), and the Danish ship Galathea (1950–52). In the late 1950s the Soviet vessel Vityaz carried out detailed soundings of the deep trenches of the western Pacific, and in 1960 the American bathyscaphe Trieste descended to the bottom

Wurtz, Charles-adolphe

2005-02-16T06:25:00.000-08:00

Following medical studies and a period of teaching, Wurtz studied at Giessen and then at Strasbourg (1843). He became an assistant (1845) to Jean-Baptiste-André Dumas, whom he succeeded at the School of Medicine (1852). He was the first

Anthropometry

2005-02-14T13:21:00.000-08:00

The systematic collection and correlation of measurements of the human body. Now one of the principal techniques of physical anthropology, the discipline originated in the 19th century, when early studies of human biological and cultural evolution stimulated an interest in the systematic description of populations both living and extinct. In the latter part

Roberts, Elizabeth Madox

2005-02-13T11:30:00.000-08:00

Educated in schools in Springfield, a village near her birthplace, Roberts taught school from 1900 to 1910. After 1910 she stayed for a time in

Dactylella

2005-02-11T05:42:00.000-08:00

A genus of 15 species in the Fungi Imperfecti (form-class Deuteromycetes; q.v.). They capture and kill nematodes (roundworms) by penetrating their bodies. A penetration tube grows out of a hypha (one of the filaments that make up the body of a typical fungus) after contact with the prey, enters it, and begins to grow and branch, forming haustoria (special absorbing structures).

Himyar

2005-02-09T11:18:00.000-08:00

The Himyarites were concentrated in the area known as Dhu Raydan on the coast of present-day Yemen (San'a'); they were probably aided in the overthrow of their Sabaean kinsmen by the discovery of a sea route from Egypt

Noble Gas, Xenon

2005-02-07T00:09:00.000-08:00

The name xenon is derived from the Greek word xenos, “strange” or “foreign.” Like several other noble gases, xenon is present in meteorites and certain minerals, but its only useful source has been the atmosphere, of which it composes 86 parts per 109 by volume. Nuclear reactors may become an important source of xenon, because the fission of uranium produces several isotopes

Kanye

2005-02-04T01:34:00.000-08:00

Village, southern Botswana. It lies along a main road southwest of Gaborone, the national capital. It is one of the country's largest villages and the traditional headquarters of the Bangwaketse people. Kanye is equipped with a mission hospital, an airfield, banks, and schools. Pop. (1984 est.) 23,000.

Clactonian Industry

2005-02-02T06:25:00.000-08:00

Clactonian tools are similar

Yamagata

2005-02-01T22:02:00.000-08:00

Prefecture (ken), northern Honshu, Japan, on the Sea of Japan. Much of its 3,601 sq mi (9,327 sq km) is mountainous. Bandai-Asahi National Park, stretching from north to south, includes the Dewa Sangan (Three Mountains of Dewa [Gassan, Yudono-san, Haguro-san]), which are sacred to the Shugen-do sect of Buddhism; the granite mountains associated with Asahi-dake (6,135 ft [1,870 m]); and Iide-san (6,906 ft). In the northwest,

Agonism

2005-01-30T05:17:00.000-08:00

Ethologists believe that the most general and probably

Feng Yü-hsiang

2005-01-27T20:29:00.000-08:00

A soldier at the age of 11, Feng was largely self-educated. He rose through the ranks, gathering under his command a highly disciplined body of troops. He urged his men to become Protestants, to engage in social reform, to acquire

Haworth, Sir Norman

2005-01-25T02:29:00.000-08:00

Haworth graduated from the University of Manchester in 1906 and received a Ph.D. degree from the University of Göttingen in 1910. He taught at the University

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, The allegorical mode

2005-01-23T14:37:00.000-08:00

The range of allegorical literature is so wide that to consider allegory as a fixed literary genre is less useful than to regard it as a dimension, or mode, of controlled indirectness and double meaning (which, in fact, all literature possesses to some degree). Critics usually reserve the term allegory itself for works of considerable length, complexity, or unique shape.

Bhave, Vinoba

2005-01-22T15:45:00.000-08:00

Born of a high-caste Brahman family, he abandoned his high-school studies in 1916 to join Gandhi's ashram (ascetic community). Gandhi's teachings led Bhave to a life of austerity, dedicated

Rodent

2005-01-20T21:14:00.000-08:00

As documented by fossils, the evolutionary history of rodents extends back 56 million years to the Late Paleocene Epoch in North America. Those species, however, are considered to have originated in Eurasia, so the origin of the order Rodentia is certainly older. However, lack of fossil evidence prior to the Late Paleocene makes the understanding of evolutionary relationships

Brief

2005-01-18T14:53:00.000-08:00

In the United States a brief is a written legal argument that is presented to a court to aid it in reaching a conclusion on the legal issues involved in the case. It is invariably employed in appellate courts

Cabasilas, Nicholas

2005-01-16T11:03:00.000-08:00

In the Byzantine

Devrient, Emil

2005-01-14T18:35:00.000-08:00

Nephew of the great Romantic actor Ludwig Devrient, he made his debut in Brunswick in 1821. By way of Bremen, Leipzig, and Hamburg, he reached Dresden in 1831, where he remained associated with the court theatre there until his retirement in 1868. Devrient's greatest successes

Ksar El-boukhari

2005-01-11T03:49:00.000-08:00

Also called Boghari, town, north-central Algeria. Lying along the Chelif River at the junction of the High Plateau and the Atlas Mountains, the town is almost totally surrounded by wooded mountain ridges. The old walled quarter (ksar) is on a hill, overlooking the modern town. Ksar el-Boukhari is a commercial centre for pastoral peoples of the interior, who trade in wool, livestock, and cereals.

Adcock, Fleur

2005-01-10T20:37:00.000-08:00

Adcock received her early education in England and later earned degrees at Wellington Girls' College and Victoria University of Wellington. She served as lecturer and librarian at a number of New Zealand

Cookson, Catherine (dame Catherine Ann Mcmullen Cookson)

2005-01-07T14:19:00.000-08:00

British author (b. June 20, 1906, Jarrow, Durham, Eng.--d. June 11, 1998, Jesmond Dene, near Newcastle upon Tyne, Eng.), penned almost 100 popular novels, which she set in the industrial region of northeastern England, frequently dubbed "Cookson Country." She was intimately familiar with the physical and emotional lay of this land, having been raised in the Tyneside docks area in poverty. Her early

China, Chou and Shang

2005-01-06T14:45:00.000-08:00

The name Chou appears often in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang kingdom, sometimes as a friendly tributary neighbour and at other times as a hostile one. This pattern is confirmed by records found at the Chou archaeological site. Marriages were occasionally made between the two ruling houses. The Chou also borrowed such arts as bronze casting from their

Mitchell, John Newton

2005-01-04T14:16:00.000-08:00

Mitchell played semiprofessional hockey while working his way through Fordham University (New York City) and Fordham law school. During World War II he served in the Navy as a torpedo boat

Clonmel

2005-01-02T18:42:00.000-08:00

Irish Cluain Meala municipal borough and seat of Tipperary South Riding, Ireland. It lies on the River Suir. A noted sporting centre, it has fine scenery, with the Comeragh Mountains to the south and the Slievenamon peak to the northeast. Clonmel received its charter in the reign of Edward I (1239–1307). The novelist Laurence Sterne was born there in 1713. Industries include the making of pharmaceuticals

Earth, The Earth's gravitational field

2004-12-31T21:25:00.000-08:00

Texts include Michele Caputo, The Gravity Field of the Earth, from Classical and Modern Methods (1967); W.A. Heiskanen and F.A. Vening Meinesz, The Earth and Its Gravity Field (1958); and W.M. Telford et al., Applied Geophysics (1976). The Journal of Geophysical Research contains much recent work, including the following articles: LeRoy M. Dorman and Brian T.R. Lewis, “Experimental Isostasy, 1: Theory of the Determination of the Earth's Isostatic Response to a Concentrated Load,” 75(17):3357–65 (June 10, 1970), “Experimental Isostasy, 2: An Isostatic Model for the U.S.A. Derived from Gravity and Topographic Data,” 75(17):3367–86 (June 10, 1970), and “Experimental Isostasy, 3: Inversion of the Isostatic Green Function and Lateral Density Changes,” 77(17):3068–77 (June 10, 1972); G.D. Karner and A.B. Watts, “Gravity Anomalies and Flexure of the Lithosphere at Mountain Ranges,” 88(B12):10,449–10,477 (Dec. 10, 1983); and Marcia McNutt, “Implications of Regional Gravity for State of Stress in the Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle,” 85(B11):6377–96 (Nov. 10, 1980).

Ear Disease, Secretory otitis media

2004-12-29T03:15:00.000-08:00

In secretory otitis media the middle-ear cavity becomes filled with a clear, pale yellowish, noninfected fluid. The disorder is the result of inadequate ventilation of the middle ear through the eustachian tube. The air in the middle ear, when it is no longer replenished through this tube, is gradually absorbed by the mucous membrane, and fluid takes its place. Eventually,

Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeoamericana

2004-12-26T06:33:00.000-08:00

Spanish and Spanish-American biography and gazetteer information are especially strong. Major articles—e.g., on countries—are quite long and include lengthy bibliographies of international scope. Although coverage is considered

Mond, Ludwig

2004-12-25T11:08:00.000-08:00

The son of a wealthy Jewish family, Mond studied chemistry at Marburg and Heidelberg, entered the chemical industry, and went to England in 1862. There his method for recovering sulfur

Goncharova, Natalya

2004-12-23T10:23:00.000-08:00

The daughter of an aristocratic family, Goncharova studied painting and sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts in Moscow. After an early preoccupation

Black, Conrad

2004-12-20T10:06:00.000-08:00

In 1994 financier Conrad Black, whose inherited wealth and acquisitive nature helped establish him as an international press baron, expanded his already vast empire by purchasing the Chicago Sun-Times newspaper. As head of one of Canada's largest conglomerates, he was a symbol of Canadian capitalism. Black began in 1967 as part-owner and operator of two small Quebec weeklies.

Kerry

2004-12-18T04:40:00.000-08:00

Irish Ciarraí county in the province of Munster, southwestern Ireland. With an area of 1,815 square miles (4,701 square km), it is bounded by Counties Limerick and Cork to the east and by the Atlantic Ocean or its inlets to the south, west, and north. Tralee is the county seat. The principal highlands of Kerry, among which are the highest mountains in Ireland, are of sandstone. Three, and part of a fourth,

Cambridge

2004-12-17T20:55:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1686) of Dorchester county, eastern Maryland, U.S., on the Choptank River's south bank near Chesapeake Bay's eastern shore. Bisected by Cambridge Creek (a natural harbour), it was founded in 1684 as a plantation port and named in 1686 for the English university town. For more than two centuries it handled small coastwise traffic, but the addition of deepwater facilities and the

Cadmus

2004-12-14T04:11:00.000-08:00

In Greek mythology, the son of Phoenix or Agenor (king of Phoenicia) and brother of Europa. Europa was carried off by Zeus, king of the gods, and Cadmus was sent out to find her. Unsuccessful, he consulted the Delphic oracle, which ordered him to give up his quest, follow a cow, and build a town on the spot where she lay down. The cow guided him to Boeotia (Cow Land), where he founded

Huascar

2004-12-13T10:18:00.000-08:00

Huascar succeeded his father in 1525 but was given only part of the empire (Cuzco), while about one-fifth of it (Quito)

Amundsen, Roald

2004-12-10T06:38:00.000-08:00

Amundsen studied medicine for a while and then took to sea. In 1897 he sailed as first mate on

Abel Tasman National Park

2004-12-09T23:02:00.000-08:00

Wildlife preserve in northwestern South Island, New Zealand. Established in 1942, it was named for Abel Tasman, the Dutch navigator. With an area of 55,699 acres (22,541 hectares), it extends inland for about 6 miles (10 km) from the beaches of Tasman Bay on its western shores between Separation Point and Marahau Inlet, about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Nelson. The park includes the Tata Islands in Golden

Tallahassee

2004-12-06T04:49:00.000-08:00

Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto camped in the area during the winter of 1539–40; it was originally occupied by Apalachee and later by Creek peoples. Seven Franciscan missions were established,

Ibn Shem Tov, Joseph Ben Shem Tov

2004-12-04T03:51:00.000-08:00

Jewish philosopher and Castilian court physician who attempted to mediate the disdain shown for philosophy by contemporary Jewish scholars by undertaking a reconciliation of Aristotelian ethical philosophy with Jewish religious thought, best exemplified by his influential Kevod Elohim (written 1442; “The Glory of God”). Here he expounded his belief that answers

Europe, History Of, The revolutions of 1848

2004-12-02T14:27:00.000-08:00

France's monarchy had turned toward greater repression in the 1840s, spurring new liberal agitation. Artisan concerns also had quickened, against their loss of status and shifts in work conditions following from rapid economic change; a major recession in 1846–47 added to popular unrest. Some socialist ideas spread among artisan leaders, who urged a regime in which workers

Guacanayabo, Gulf Of

2004-11-30T18:30:00.000-08:00

Spanish Golfo De Guacanayabo, inlet of the Caribbean Sea, southeastern Cuba. The gulf stretches in a broad horseshoe shape from the southern coast of Camagüey province approximately 70 mi (110 km) to the southwestern shore of Granma province, north of Cabo (cape) Cruz. It is shallow and dotted with coral reefs, and the Gran Banco de Buena Esperanza surfaces in the central portion of the gulf, at the head of

Ernst, Richard R.

2004-11-28T08:18:00.000-08:00

Ernst received both his B.A. in

Boina

2004-11-27T14:44:00.000-08:00

The other son, Adriamandisoarivo, continued the migration

Araliaceae

2004-11-24T04:07:00.000-08:00

The ginseng family of flowering plants, in the order Apiales, comprising approximately 700 species centred in Southeast Asia and tropical America. Most members are shrubs or trees, though there are a number of climbers and a few herbs. The family has large, usually alternate, compound leaves, five-parted flowers arranged in compound umbels (flat-topped clusters), and a

Nature, Philosophy Of, Evolutionary ethics

2004-11-23T07:18:00.000-08:00

Toward the end of the 19th century, Herbert Spencer, in England,

Finnish Literature

2004-11-21T18:38:00.000-08:00

Only in the 19th century did a strong literature in Swedish develop in Finland. Previously it had been somewhat sporadic, although there had been several excellent poets, notably Jacob Frese, Gustaf Philip Creutz, and Frans Mikael Franzén. In the work of Johan Ludvig Runeberg, the Finnish people and landscape first came to life in literature, and he became the national

Ballina

2004-11-18T18:57:00.000-08:00

Irish Béal An Átha urban district, County Mayo, Ireland, on the River Moy. The town, the largest in Mayo, has a modern Roman Catholic cathedral and the remains of an Augustinian friary founded about 1375. Salmon and trout fishing nearby are notable. Hand tools, drills, and medical products are manufactured there. Pop. (1981) 6,856.

Economic Stabilizer

2004-11-16T22:37:00.000-08:00

Any of the institutions and practices in an economy that serve to reduce fluctuations in the business cycle through offsetting effects on the amounts of income available for spending (disposable income). The most important automatic stabilizers include the progressive income tax, unemployment compensation and other transfer payment programs, farm price

World War I, The Russian revolutions and the Eastern Front, March 1917March 1918

2004-11-14T14:27:00.000-08:00

The Russian Revolution of March (February, old style) 1917 put an end to the autocratic monarchy of imperial Russia and replaced it with a provisional government. But the latter's authority was at once contested by soviets, or “councils of workers' and soldiers' deputies,” who claimed to represent the masses of the people and so to be the rightful conductors of the revolution.

Yodel

2004-11-13T10:48:00.000-08:00

Type of singing in which high falsetto and low chest notes are rapidly alternated; its production is helped by the enunciation of open and closed vowels on the low and high notes of wide intervals. Yodeling is also used as a means of communicating over moderate distances by the inhabitants of mountainous regions. It is associated with the Alpine peoples of Switzerland

Lur

2004-11-10T14:32:00.000-08:00

The Lurs and their neighbours, the Bakhtyari, are partly agricultural and partly pastoral tribes. Lush grazing pastures between the mountain ranges enabled the

Potresov, Aleksandr Nikolayevich

2004-11-08T22:58:00.000-08:00

Potresov, the son of a general, joined the Marxists in the early 1890s and was briefly exiled in 1898. In 1900 he helped V.I. Lenin found the newspaper Iskra, which was intended to unite

Durand-ruel, Paul

2004-11-07T13:57:00.000-08:00

Durand-Ruel began his career in his father's art gallery, which he inherited in 1865. At the outset he concentrated on buying the work of Barbizon artists—particularly Camille Corot, Charles-François Daubigny, and Jules Dupré—and for

Camaieu

2004-11-04T06:49:00.000-08:00

Plural Camaieux, painting technique by which an image is executed either entirely in shades of a single colour or in several tints unnatural to the object, figure, or scene represented. When a picture is monochromatically rendered in gray, it is called grisaille; when in yellow, cirage. Originating in the ancient world, camaieu was used in miniature painting to simulate cameos and

Enders, John Franklin

2004-11-02T05:27:00.000-08:00

Enders was a student of

Tea Olive

2004-10-31T03:09:00.000-08:00

Any plant of the genus Osmanthus in the family Oleaceae, often grown for its fragrant flowers and shining, evergreen foliage. There are more than 30 species, native to eastern North America, Mexico, southeastern Asia, Hawaii, and New Caledonia. Sweet olive, or sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans), a 10-metre (33-foot) tree, produces an edible fruit. Its leaves, used to perfume tea, hide

Calabria

2004-10-29T06:47:00.000-07:00

Most of the region is mountainous

Gambia, The, Plant and animal life

2004-10-27T08:41:00.000-07:00

The vegetation cover of The Gambia is savanna on the uplands, various kinds of inland swamp in the low-lying areas, and mangrove swamp along the brackish lower Gambia River. Few wild animals are native to the region, and those that survive are under pressure from the human and domestic animal populations. In the middle and upper river areas there are warthogs, monkeys,

Rural Electrification

2004-10-25T00:42:00.000-07:00

Project implemented in the United States in the second quarter of the 20th century by the Rural Electrification Administration (REA), a federal agency established in 1935, under the New Deal, in an effort to raise the standard of rural living and to slow the extensive migration of rural Americans to urban centres; more than 98 percent of the United States' farms were equipped

Yamasaki, Minoru

2004-10-23T13:11:00.000-07:00

Following his graduation from the University of Washington, Seattle, Yamasaki went in 1934 to New York City, where he held a number of design positions

Loquat

2004-10-21T16:58:00.000-07:00

(Eriobotrya japonica), subtropical tree of the rose family (Rosaceae), related to the apple and other well-known fruit trees of the temperate zone. Ornamental in appearance and rarely more than 10 metres (33 feet) in height, the evergreen loquat is frequently planted in parks and gardens. The leaves, clustered toward the ends of the branches, are thick and

Lathe

2004-10-20T15:23:00.000-07:00

The lathe is one of the oldest and most important machine tools. Wood lathes were in use in France as early as 1569. During the Industrial Revolution in England the machine was adapted for metal cutting. The rotating horizontal spindle

Koch, Marita

2004-10-17T13:18:00.000-07:00

An injury forced Koch to withdraw from the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, where she had been a favoured competitor. She set the first of her indoor records the

Ma-xia School

2004-10-15T05:03:00.000-07:00

Wade-Giles romanization Ma-hsia group of Chinese landscape artists that used a style of painting named after Ma Yuan and Xia Gui, two great painters of the Southern Song academy, of which they were members in the last quarter of the 12th century AD and the beginning of the 13th century. The aim of their landscapes was to create a feeling of limitless space, a vast atmospheric void out of which a few elements,

Hull, Albert Wallace

2004-10-13T20:29:00.000-07:00

American physicist who independently discovered the powder method of X-ray analysis of crystals, which permits the study of crystalline materials in a finely divided microcrystalline, or powder, state. He also invented a number of electron tubes that have found wide application as components in electronic

Biblical Literature, The American Standard Version

2004-10-11T03:56:00.000-07:00

According to the original agreement, the preferred readings and renderings of the American revisers, which their British counterparts had declined to accept, were published in an appendix to the Revised Version. In 1900 the American edition of the New Testament, which incorporated the American scholars' preferences into the body of the text, was produced. A year later

N'djamena

2004-10-09T07:15:00.000-07:00

Formerly Fort-lamy, capital of Chad, on the southwestern border, adjacent to Cameroon. It lies on the east bank of the Chari (Shari) River at its confluence with the Logone River in an alluvial plain that is flooded during the rainy season (July–September). The city was founded in 1900 across the Chari River from Fort-Fureau (Kousseri), where French colonial troops defeated and killed the Sudanese

Earth Exploration, Excavation, boring, and sampling

2004-10-07T02:47:00.000-07:00

Direct sampling, usually by means of boreholes, is required to make positive identification of ores, fuels, and other materials. It is also necessary for determining their quantity and for selecting methods of recovery. Most deep boreholes are drilled by the rotary method, in which a drill bit is rotated while fluid (“drilling mud”) is circulated through the bit to lubricate

Tihamat 'asir

2004-10-06T16:21:00.000-07:00

Coastal plain of the Asir region, southwestern Saudi Arabia. It is the central southern section of the great Tihamah (coastal plain), running down the west coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is situated between the mountains of western Saudi Arabia and the Red Sea and is immediately north of Yemen. Approximately 40 miles (64 km) in width, its salty tidal plain is of limited agricultural

Jouffroy D'abbans, Claude-françois-dorothée, Marquis De

2004-10-03T20:20:00.000-07:00

At the age of 20 Jouffroy d'Abbans entered the army, and a year later he became involved in a duel that resulted in his banishment to Provence. There he began to work with boats and built a 43-foot (13-metre) steamboat

Saxophone

2004-10-02T18:33:00.000-07:00

A saxophone has a conical metal (originally brass) tube with about 24 openings controlled by padded

Arts, Central Asian, Turkish literature

2004-09-29T04:20:00.000-07:00

The purely Turkish period in the history of Turkish literatures came before the conversion of the Turks to Islam and covers approximately the 8th to the 11th centuries AD. The oldest literary legacy of the period is found in the Orhon inscriptions, found in the Orhon valley, northern Mongolia, in 1889 and deciphered in 1893 by the Danish philologist Vilhelm Thomsen. The inscriptions

Vodou

2004-09-27T06:34:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Voodoo, Voudou, Vodun , or French Vaudou an official religion of Haiti (together with Roman Catholicism). Vodou is a creolized religion forged by descendents of Dahomean, Kongo, Yoruba, and other African ethnic groups who had been enslaved and brought to colonial Saint-Domingue (as Haiti was known then) and Christianized by Roman Catholic missionaries in the 16th and 17th centuries. The word Vodou means “spirit

Bobbin Lace

2004-09-26T19:34:00.000-07:00

Also called pillow lace , or bone lace with needle lace, one of two main kinds of lace. Bobbin lace is made with a number of threads, each fastened to an elongated spool (bobbin). A pattern is drawn on parchment or paper, and holes are pricked to indicate where pins will be placed to keep the threads in position while the lace is being made. The parchment is placed on a pillow or cushion, and the threads, with the bobbins

Karate

2004-09-24T23:11:00.000-07:00

Unarmed martial-arts discipline employing kicking, striking, and defensive blocking with arms and legs. Emphasis is on concentrating as much of the body's power as possible at the point and instant of impact. Striking surfaces include the hands (particularly the knuckles and the outer edge), ball of the foot, heel, forearm, knee, and elbow. All are toughened by practice

Fainting

2004-09-22T11:45:00.000-07:00

In physiology, loss of consciousness owing to a temporary decrease in the blood supply to the brain. See syncope.

Duricrust

2004-09-19T13:07:00.000-07:00

Surface or near-surface of the Earth consisting of a hardened accumulation of silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), and iron oxide (Fe2O3), in varying proportions. Admixtures of other substances commonly are present and duricrusts may be enriched with oxides of manganese or titanium within restricted areas. Thus, siliceous, ferruginous, and aluminous crusts constitute duricrusts

Baccio D'agnolo

2004-09-18T23:39:00.000-07:00

Byname of Bartolomeo D'agnolo Baglioni wood-carver, sculptor, and architect who exerted an important influence on the Renaissance architecture of Florence. Between 1491 and 1502 he did much of the decorative carving in the church of Santa Maria Novella and in the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. He helped restore the Palazzo Vecchio and in 1506 was commissioned to complete the drum of the cupola

Hurdle Race

2004-09-15T20:09:00.000-07:00

Horse race over a course on which a number of obstacles, called hurdles, must be jumped. Hurdle racing, a kind of preparation for steeplechasing, originated in England and Ireland in the 18th century and by the second half of the 20th century had spread to Commonwealth countries, Europe, and the eastern United States. Its hurdles are light and movable and are lower than steeplechase

Systems Engineering

2004-09-11T14:01:00.000-07:00

Systems engineering is not so much a branch of engineering as it is a technique for applying knowledge from other branches of engineering and disciplines of science in effective combination

Wang Mang

2004-09-09T08:34:00.000-07:00

Pinyin Wang Mang , posthumous name, or shih (Wade-Giles romanization) Chia Huang-ti , or She Huang-ti founder of the short-lived Hsin dynasty (AD 9–25). He is known in Chinese history as the “Usurper.”

Ovum

2004-09-08T11:29:00.000-07:00

The outer surface of each ovary is covered by a layer of cells (germinal epithelium); these surround the immature egg cells, which are present in the ovaries from the time of

Arnaut De Mareuil

2004-09-06T17:06:00.000-07:00

Little is known of Arnaut's life. His early poems were dedicated to his patroness, Adelaide, the daughter of Raymond V, count of Toulouse, and wife of Roger II, viscount of Béziers.

Hull, Cordell

2004-09-04T07:16:00.000-07:00

As a young Tennessee attorney, Hull early identified with

Manchuria

2004-09-02T22:20:00.000-07:00

Prior to the 17th century, the history of Manchuria was shaped by three converging ethnic groups: the Chinese, the people collectively known as the Tungus, and the Mongols and Proto-Mongols. The Tungus (from which several groups emerged) were forest and plain dwellers who had a mixed economy of primitive agriculture, fishing, hunting, and livestock breeding. Those in Manchuria

Dance, Western

2004-08-31T20:09:00.000-07:00

The peoples of the West—of Europe and of the countries founded through permanent European settlement elsewhere—have a history of dance characterized by great diversity and rapid change. Whereas most dancers of the East

Eliphaz The Temanite

2004-08-28T17:02:00.000-07:00

In three speeches of increasing severity, Eliphaz attempts to reconcile Job to God and induce him to repent. In

AbleStick

Royal Courts Of Justice

Selkirk, Alexander

Slave Dynasty

Grumbach, Wilhelm Von

Mosconi, Willie

Swedish Academy

Children's Literature, Prehistory (1646?1865)

Awan

Beira

Kirk Range

Probation

Probation

Wagon Train

Pacific Ocean, Exploration in the 20th century

Wurtz, Charles-adolphe

Anthropometry

Roberts, Elizabeth Madox

Dactylella

Himyar

Noble Gas, Xenon

Kanye

Clactonian Industry

Yamagata

Agonism

Feng Yü-hsiang

Haworth, Sir Norman

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, The allegorical mode

Bhave, Vinoba

Rodent

Brief

Cabasilas, Nicholas

Devrient, Emil

Ksar El-boukhari

Adcock, Fleur

Cookson, Catherine (dame Catherine Ann Mcmullen Cookson)

China, Chou and Shang

Mitchell, John Newton

Clonmel

Earth, The Earth's gravitational field

Ear Disease, Secretory otitis media

Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeoamericana

Mond, Ludwig

Goncharova, Natalya

Black, Conrad

Kerry

Cambridge

Cadmus

Huascar

Amundsen, Roald

Abel Tasman National Park

Tallahassee

Ibn Shem Tov, Joseph Ben Shem Tov

Europe, History Of, The revolutions of 1848

Guacanayabo, Gulf Of

Ernst, Richard R.

Boina

Araliaceae

Nature, Philosophy Of, Evolutionary ethics

Finnish Literature

Ballina

Economic Stabilizer

World War I, The Russian revolutions and the Eastern Front, March 1917March 1918

Yodel

Lur

Potresov, Aleksandr Nikolayevich

Durand-ruel, Paul

Camaieu

Enders, John Franklin

Tea Olive

Calabria

Gambia, The, Plant and animal life

Rural Electrification

Yamasaki, Minoru

Loquat

Lathe

Koch, Marita

Ma-xia School

Hull, Albert Wallace

Biblical Literature, The American Standard Version

Children's Literature, Prehistory (1646?1865)

World War I, The Russian revolutions and the Eastern Front, March 1917March 1918